解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
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公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:The US Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act requires results from clinical trials of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to be posted at ClinicalTrials.gov within 1 y after trial completion. We compared the timing and completeness of results of drug trials posted at ClinicalTrials.gov and publ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001566
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assessing the mortality impact of the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) is essential for optimizing public health responses to future pandemics. The World Health Organization reported 18,631 laboratory-confirmed pandemic deaths, but the total pandemic mortality burden was substantially higher. We estim...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001558
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alexander Tsai and colleagues highlight the complex relationship between poverty and HIV stigma in sub-Saharan Africa, and discuss possible ways to break the cycle. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001557
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peter Openshaw discusses the challenges in advancing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) treatments and the implications of a study by Mejias and colleagues using a newly identified gene signature for diagnosis and prediction of RSV severity. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001550
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xonghong Xiao and colleagues analyze the challenge of antimicrobial resistance in China. A government strategy to promote rational use of antimicrobials in health care reduced antibiotic sales and percentage of prescriptions for antimicrobials for both hospitalized patients and outpatients, and offers insights to shap...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001556
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Excessive pregnancy weight gain is associated with obesity in the offspring, but this relationship may be confounded by genetic and other shared influences. We aimed to examine the association of pregnancy weight gain with body mass index (BMI) in the offspring, using a within-family design to minimize confo...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001521
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nathan Ford and Gottfried Hirnschall reflect on recent research by Jan Hontelez and colleagues published in this week's PLOS Medicine. The authors argue that the future HIV modeling efforts should focus on helping programs make choices about which interventions need to be prioritized in order to achieve the levels of ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001535
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous estimates of mortality in Iraq attributable to the 2003 invasion have been heterogeneous and controversial, and none were produced after 2006. The purpose of this research was to estimate direct and indirect deaths attributable to the war in Iraq between 2003 and 2011. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We condu...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001533
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drug manufacturers have developed "evergreening" strategies to compete with generic medication after patent termination. These include marketing of slightly modified follow-on drugs. We aimed to estimate the financial impact of these drugs on overall healthcare costs and also to examine the impact of listing...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001460
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether an upper gastrointestinal bleed is an isolated gastrointestinal event or an indicator of a deterioration in a patient's overall health status. Therefore, we investigated the excess causes of death in individuals after a non-variceal bleed compared with deaths in a matched sample of the ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001437
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As participant-led health research increases, Effy Vayena and and John Tasioulas examine what ethical questions are raised, and what types of standards need to be developed for appropriate ethical oversight for participant-led research projects. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001402
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is evidence that a young child's risk of dying increases following the mother's death, but little is known about the risk when the mother becomes very ill prior to her death. We hypothesized that children would be more likely to die during the period several months before their mother's death, as well ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001409
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Randomized clinical trials of oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention have widely divergent efficacy estimates, ranging from 0% to 75%. These discrepancies are likely due to differences in adherence. To our knowledge, no studies to date have examined the impact of improving adh...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001511
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We simulated tobacco control and pharmacological strategies for preventing cardiovascular deaths in India, the country that is expected to experience more cardiovascular deaths than any other over the next decade. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A microsimulation model was developed to quantify the differential effect...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001480
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spurred by the creation of potential modified risk tobacco products, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assess the science base for tobacco "harm reduction," leading to the 2001 IOM report Clearing the Smoke. The objective of this study was to determine ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001450
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Socioeconomic adversity in early life has been hypothesized to "program" a vulnerable phenotype with exaggerated inflammatory responses, so increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis by assessing the extent to which the association between...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001479
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A better understanding of reasons for the decline can provide important insights into effective preventive strategies. We sought to estimate the contribution of risk factor...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001451
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The vast majority of medical interventions introduced into clinical development prove unsafe or ineffective. One prominent explanation for the dismal success rate is flawed preclinical research. We conducted a systematic review of preclinical research guidelines and organized recommendations according to the...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001489
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prognostic models are abundant in the medical literature yet their use in practice seems limited. In this article, the third in the PROGRESS series, the authors review how such models are developed and validated, and then address how prognostic models are assessed for their impact on practice and patient outcomes, ill...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001381
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Women with preeclampsia (PEC) and gestational hypertension (GH) exhibit insulin resistance during pregnancy, independent of obesity and glucose intolerance. Our aim was to determine whether women with PEC or GH during pregnancy have an increased risk of developing diabetes after pregnancy, and whether the pr...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001425
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea morbidity and mortality remain important child health problems in low- and middle-income countries. The treatment of diarrhea and accurate measurement of treatment coverage are critical if child mortality is going to continue to decline. In this review, we examine diarrhea treatment coverage indicators collec...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001385
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable progress has been made in reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality worldwide, but many more deaths could be prevented if effective interventions were available to all who could benefit from them. Timely, high-quality measurements of intervention coverage--the proportion of a population in need of a...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001423
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PLOS Medicine editors discuss the new extension to the PRISMA reporting guidelines, PRISMA for Equity (PRISMA-E), and why it is relevant to the journal and to health research more generally. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001334
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mirjam Kretzschmar and colleagues describe the BCoDE project, which uses a pathogen-based incidence approach to better estimate the infectious disease burden in Europe. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001205
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Only about half the studies that have collected information on the relevance of women's height and body mass index to their risk of developing ovarian cancer have published their results, and findings are inconsistent. Here, we bring together the worldwide evidence, published and unpublished, and describe th...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001200
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Care advances in the United States (US) have led to improved survival of children with neurological impairment (NI). Children with NI may account for an increasing proportion of hospital resources. However, this assumption has not been tested at a national level. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We conducted a study of...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001158
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many mathematical models have investigated the impact of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on new HIV infections. Comparing results and conclusions across models is challenging because models have addressed slightly different questions and have reported different outcome metrics. This study co...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001245
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results from several observational studies of HIV-discordant couples and a randomized controlled trial (HIV Prevention Trials Network 052) show that antiretroviral therapy (ART) can greatly reduce heterosexual HIV transmission in stable HIV-discordant couples. However, such data do not prove that ART will reduce HIV i...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001260
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most adults infected with HIV achieve viral suppression within a year of starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is important to understand the risk of AIDS events or death for patients with a suppressed viral load. METHODS AND FINDINGS:Using data from the Collaboration of Observational HIV E...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001194
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childbirth with a skilled attendant is crucial for preventing maternal mortality and is an important opportunity for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The Maternity in Migori and AIDS Stigma Study (MAMAS Study) is a prospective mixed-methods investigation conducted in a high HIV prevalence a...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001295
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Philippe Calain discusses the health and environmental hazards of extractive industries like mining and explores the tensions that arise when medical humanitarian organizations are called to intervene in emergencies involving the extractive sector. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001302
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PLoS Medicine Editors discuss the link between shift work, diet, and type 2 diabetes, and argue that unhealthy eating should be considered a new form of occupational hazard. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001152
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) of limited valency is justified in Africa by the high burden of pneumococcal disease. Long-term beneficial effects of PCVs may be countered by serotype replacement. We aimed to determine the impact of PCV-7 vaccination on pneumococcal carriage in rural G...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001107
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To date, drug response genes have not proved as useful in clinical practice as was anticipated at the start of the genomic era. An exception is in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (PegIFN/R). Viral clearance is achieved in 40%...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001092
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Undiagnosed and misdiagnosed tuberculosis (TB) drives the epidemic in India. Serological (antibody detection) TB tests are not recommended by any agency, but widely used in many countries, including the Indian private sector. The cost and impact of using serology compared with other diagnostic techniques is ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001074
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Historically, the main focus of studies of childhood mortality has been the infant and under-five mortality rates. Neonatal mortality (deaths <28 days of age) has received limited attention, although such deaths account for about 41% of all child deaths. To better assess progress, we developed annual estimat...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001080
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The World Health Organization has endorsed the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for investigation of patients suspected of having tuberculosis (TB). However, its utility for routine TB screening and detection of rifampicin resistance among HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency enrolling in antiretroviral t...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001067
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While patterns of incidence of clinical influenza have been well described, much uncertainty remains over patterns of incidence of infection. The 2009 pandemic provided both the motivation and opportunity to investigate patterns of mild and asymptomatic infection using serological techniques. However, to dat...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000442
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drawing upon interviews with experts and a review of the literature, Gavin Yamey proposes a new framework for scaling up global health interventions. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001049
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our objective was to examine whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or newborns' high birthweight can be prevented by lifestyle counseling in pregnant women at high risk of GDM. METHOD AND FINDINGS:We conducted a cluster-randomized trial, the NELLI study, in 14 municipalities in Finland, where 2,271 wo...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001036
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00